B.Sc. (Ag.) Honours Syllabus
B.Sc.( Ag.) Honours Sem VI ( Vth Dean Committee Syllabus )
AGRO-321: Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management 2(1+1)
Theory
Unit-I
Rainfed agriculture: Introduction, types, History of rainfed agriculture and watershed in India.
Unit-II
Problems and prospects of rainfed agriculture in India; Soil and climatic conditions prevalent in rainfed areas; Soil and water conservation techniques.
Unit-III
Drought: types, effect of water deficit on physio-morphological characteristics of the plants, Crop adaptation and mitigation to drought.
Unit-IV
Water harvesting: importance, its techniques, efficient utilization of water through soil and crop management practices, Management of crops in rainfed areas, Contingent crop planning for aberrant weather conditions.
Unit-V
Concept, objective, principles and components of watershed management, factors affecting watershed management.
Practical
Studies on climate classification, studies on rainfall patterns in rainfed areas of the country and patterns of onset and withdrawal of monsoons. Studies on cropping patterns of different rainfed areas in the country and demarcation of rainfed areas on the map of India. Interpretation of meteorological data and scheduling of supplemental irrigation on the basis of evapotranspiration demand of crops. Critical analysis of rainfall and possible drought period in the country, effective rainfall and its calculation. Studies on cultural practices for mitigating moisture stress. Characterization and delineation of the model watershed. Field demonstration on soil & moisture conservation measures. Field demonstration on the construction of water harvesting structures. Visit to rainfed research station/watershed.
AGENG-321: Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture 2(1+1)
Theory
UNIT I
Green house technology: Introduction, Types of Green Houses; Plant response to Green house environment, Planning and design of greenhouses, Design criteria of green house for cooling andheating purposes.
UNIT II
Green house equipments, materials of construction for traditional and low cost green houses.
UNIT III
Irrigation systems used in greenhouses, typical applications, passive solar greenhouse, hot air green house heating systems, green house drying. Cost estimation and economicanalysis.
UNIT IV
Important Engineering properties such as physical, thermal and aero & hydrodynamicproperties of cereals, pulses and oilseed, their application in PHT equipment design and operation.
UNIT V
Drying and dehydration; moisture measurement, EMC, drying theory, various drying method, commercial grain dryer (deep bed dryer, flat bed dryer, tray dryer, fluidized bed dryer,recirculatory dryer and solar dryer). Material handling equipment; conveyer and elevators, their principle, working and selection.
Practical
Study of different type of green houses based on shape. Determine the rate of air exchange inan active summer winter cooling system. Determination of drying rate of agricultural products inside green house. Study of green house equipments. Visit to various Post Harvest Laboratories.Determination of Moisture content of various grains by oven drying & infrared moisturemethods.Determination of engineering properties (shape and size, bulk density and porosity ofbiomaterials).Determination of Moisture content of various grains by moisture meter.Field visitto seed processing plant.
PATHO-321: Diseases of Field & Horticultural Crops & their Management-II 3(2+1)
Theory
Unit-I
Wheat and pulses crops: Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of following diseases:
Wheat: rusts, loose smut, karnal bunt, powdery mildew, and ear cockle; Gram: wilt, and Ascochyta blight; Lentil: rust
Unit-II
Oil seed Cash crops:Sunflower: Sclerotinia stem rot and Alternaria blight; Mustard: Alternaria blight, white rust, and downy mildew; Sugarcane: red rot, smut, wilt, grassy shoot, ratoonstunting ;Cotton: vascular wilt, and black arm
Unit-III
Fruits crops: Mango: anthracnose, malformation, bacterial blight and powdery mildew; Citrus: canker and gummosis; Grape vine: downy mildew, Powdery mildew; Apple: scab, powdery mildew and crown gall; Peach: leaf curl.
Unit-IV
Vegetable: Cucurbits: downy mildew, powdery mildew, wilt; Onion: purple blotch,; Pea: downy mildew, powdery mildew and rust.
Unit-V
Spices and Ornamental crops: Chillies: fruit rot, and leaf curl; Turmeric: leaf spot; Coriander: stem gall. Marigold: Botrytis blight. Rose: dieback, powdery mildew and black leaf spot.
Practical
Identification and histopathological studies of selected diseases of field and horticultural crops covered in theory. Field visit for the diagnosis of field problems.Collection and preservation of plant diseased specimens for Herbarium.
HORT-321:Post-harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits and Vegetables 2(1+1)
Unit -I
Theory Importance of post-harvest processing of fruits and vegetables, extent and possible causes of post harvest losses.
Unit -II
Pre-harvest factors affecting postharvest quality, maturity, ripening and changes occurring during ripening;
Unit -III
Respiration and factors affecting respiration rate; Harvesting and field handling; Storage (ZECC, cold storage, CA, MA, and hypobaric);
Unit -IV
Value addition concept; Principles and methods of preservation; Intermediate moisture food- Jam, jelly, marmalade, preserve, candy – Concepts and Standards; Fermented and non-fermented beverages. Tomato products- Concepts and Standards;
Unit -V
Drying/ Dehydration of fruits and vegetables – Concept and methods, osmotic drying. Canning -– Concepts and Standards, packaging of products.
Practical
Applications of different types of packaging, containers for shelf life extension.Effect of temperature on shelf life and quality of produce.Demonstration of chilling and freezing injury in vegetables and fruits.Extraction and preservation of pulps and juices. Preparation of jam, jelly, RTS, nectar, squash, osmotically dried products, fruit bar and candy and tomato products, canned products. Quality evaluation of products -- physico-chemical and sensory. Visit to processing unit/ industry.
ENT-321: Management of Beneficial Insects 2 (1+1)
Theory
Unit-I
Importance of beneficial Insects, Beekeeping and pollinators, bee biology, commercial methods of rearing, equipment used, seasonal management, bee enemies and disease. Bee pasturage, bee foraging and communication. Insect pests and diseases of honey bee. Role of pollinators in cross pollinated plants.
Unit-II
Types of silkworm, voltinism and biology of silkworm. Mulberry cultivation, mulberry varieties and methods of harvesting and preservation of leaves. Rearing, mounting and harvesting of cocoons. Pest and diseases of silkworm, management, rearing appliances of mulberry silkworm and methods of disinfection. Species of lac insect, morphology, biology, host plant.
Unit-III
Lac production – seed lac, button lac, shellac, lac- products.
Unit-IV
Identification of major parasitoids and predators commonly being used in biological control. Insect orders bearing predators and parasitoids used in pest control and their mass multiplication techniques.
Unit-V
Important species of pollinator, weed killers and scavengers with their importance.
Practical
Honey bee species, castes of bees. Beekeeping appliances and seasonal management, bee enemies and disease. Bee pasturage, bee foraging and communication. Types of silkworm, voltinism and biology of silkworm. Mulberry cultivation, mulberry varieties and methods of harvesting and preservation of leaves. Species of lac insect, host plant identification. Identification of other important pollinators, weed killers and scavengers. Visit to research and training institutions devoted to beekeeping, sericulture, lac culture and natural enemies. Identification and techniques for mass multiplication of natural enemies.
GPB-321: Crop Improvement – II (Rabi Crops) 3(2+1)
Theory
UNIT-I
Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cereals-wheat; pulses-chickpea, pea; oilseeds-rape & mustard, sunflower; fodder crops-Berseem and cash crops-sugar cane; vegetable-potato & tomato and horticultural crops;
UNIT-II
Plant genetic resources, its utilization and conservation;
UNIT - III
Study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters;
UNIT-IV
Major breeding objectives and procedures including conventional and modern innovative approaches for development of hybrids and varieties for yield, adaptability, stability, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and quality (physical, chemical, nutritional) in major Rabi crops
UNIT-V
Hybrid seed production technology of Rabi crops.
Practical
Floral biology, emasculation and hybridization techniques in different crop species namely Wheat, Chickpea, pea, Rapeseed Mustard, Sunflower, Handling of germplasm and segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods; Study of field techniques for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Rabi crops; Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability; Layout of field experiments; Study of quality characters, study of donor parents for different characters; Visit to crop breeding and seed production plots.
AECO-321: Farm Management, Production and Resource Economics 2(1+1)
Theory
UNIT-I
Meaning and concept of farm management, objectives and relationship with other sciences. Meaning and definition of farms, its types and characteristics, factor determining types and size of farms.
Principles of farm management: concept of production function and its type, use of production function in decision-making on a farm, factor-product, factor-factor and product-product relationship, law of equi-marginal/or principles of opportunity cost and law of comparative advantage.
UNIT-II
Meaning and concept of cost, types of costs and their interrelationship, importance of cost in managing farm business and estimation of gross farm income, net farm income, family labor income and farm business income.
UNIT III
Farm business analysis: meaning and concept of farm income and profitability, technical and economic efficiency measures in crop and livestock enterprises.
Importance of farm records and accounts in managing a farm, various types of farm records needed to maintain on farm, farm inventory, balance sheet, profit and loss accounts.
UNIT-IV
Meaning and importance of farm planning and budgeting, partial and complete budgeting, steps in farm planning and budgeting- linear programming, appraisal of farm resources, selection of crops and livestock’s enterprises.
Concept of risk and uncertainty occurs in agriculture production, nature and sources of risks and its management strategies,
Crop/livestock/machinery insurance – weather based crop insurance, features, determinants of compensation.
UNIT-V
Concepts of resource economics, differences between NRE and agricultural economics, unique properties of natural resources. Positive and negative externalities in agriculture, Inefficiency and welfare loss, solutions, Important issues in economics and management of common property resources of land, water, pasture and forest resources etc.
Practical
Preparation of farm layout.Determination of cost of fencing of a farm. Computation of depreciation cost of farm assets. Application of equi-marginal returns/opportunity cost principle in allocation of farm resources. Determination of most profitable level of input use in a farm production process. Determination of least cost combination of inputs. Selection of most profitable enterprise combination.Application of cost principles including CACP concepts in the estimation of cost of crop and livestock enterprises. Preparation of farm plan and budget, farm records and accounts and profit & loss accounts. Collection and analysis of data on various resources in India.
PATHO-322: Principles of Integrated Disease Management 3 (2+1)
Theory
Unit I
IDM: Introduction, history, importance, concepts, principles and tools of IDM.
Unit-II
Categories of diseases. Economic importance of diseases and methods of detection and diagnosis of diseases.
Unit III
Calculation and dynamics of economic injury level and importance of Economic threshold level. Methods of disease control: Host plant resistance, cultural, mechanical, physical, legislative, biological and chemical control.
Unit IV
Ecological management of crop environment. Introduction to conventional fungicide for the disease management. Survey surveillance and forecasting of diseases. Development and validation of IDM module.
Unit V
Implementation and impact of IDM module for disease. Safety issues in fungicides uses. Political, social and legal implication of IDM. Case histories of important IDM programmes.
Practical
Methods of diagnosis and detection of various plant diseases, Methods of plant disease measurement, Assessment of crop yield losses, calculations based on economics of IDM. Identification of biocontrol agents. Mass multiplication of TrichodermaandPseudomonas. Identification andnature of damage of important diseases and their management. Crop (agro-ecosystem) dynamics of a selecteddiseases. Plan & assess preventive strategies (IDM module) and decision making. Crop monitoring attacked by diseases. Awareness campaign at farmer’s fields.
GPB EC-01 Commercial Plant Breeding & Seed Industry 3(2+1)
Theory
Unit-I
Types of crops and modes of plant reproduction.Line development and maintenance breedingin self and cross pollinated crops (A/B/R and two line system) for development of hybrids andseed production.
Unit-II
Genetic purity test of commercial hybrids. Advances in hybrid seed productionof maize, rice, sorghum, pearl millet, castor, sunflower, cotton pigeon pea, Brassica etc.
Unit-III
Qualityseed production of vegetable crops under open and protected environment. Alternative strategiesfor the development of the line and cultivars: haploid inducer, tissue culture techniques andbiotechnological tools.
Unit-IV
IPR issues in commercial plant breeding: DUS testing and registration ofvarieties under PPV& FR Act. Variety testing, release and notification systems in India.
UNIT - V
Principles and techniques of seed production, types of seeds, quality testing in self and cross pollinated crops.
Practical
Floral biology in self and cross pollinated species, selfing and crossing techniques. Techniquesof seed production in self and cross pollinated crops using A/B/R and two line system. Learningtechniques in hybrid seed production using male-sterility in field crops. Understandingthe difficulties in hybrid seed production, Tools and techniques for optimizing hybrid seedproduction. Concept of rouging in seed production plot.Concept of line its multiplication andpurification in hybrid seed production.Role of pollinators in hybrid seed production.Hybrid seedproduction techniques in sorghum, pearl millet, maize, rice, rapeseed-mustard, sunflower, castor,pigeon pea, cotton and vegetable crops.Sampling and analytical procedures for purity testingand detection of spurious seed. Seed drying and storage structure in quality seed management. Screening techniques during seed processing viz., grading and packaging. Visit to public private seed production and processing plants.
ET-321 Education Tour 2 (0+2)